Босна и Херцеговина

Наричана „земя във формата на сърце”, Босна и Херцеговина предлага гледки и пейзажи, които остават завинаги в съзнанието. Забележителна природа в наситено зелени долини, прозрачни реки, отвесни скалисти планини и красиви водопади, тя привлича почитатели на екстремните спортове, на пешеходния туризъм и на спа почивките. Почти изцяло планинска, с дяловете на Динарските Алпи, Босна и Херцеговина е разположена в съседство с Адриатическо море и Хърватия, Черна гора и Сърбия. 

В малката по площ държава почти всеки град има изключително културно и историческо значение или е отбелязан в световната карта на защитените обекти на ЮНЕСКО. Умелото комбиниране на Изтока и Запада, на орнаментиката и романтиката, характерно за Босна и Херцеговина, е най-видимо в столицата Сараево – в сантимента на главната улица, сянката на сокаците, уютните и приканващи кафенета. Катедралата „Сърцето на Иисус” е най-голямата в страната и нейната неоготика краси Стария град на столицата. Изяществото на Старият мост в Мостар, който свързва двата бряга на река Неретва и датира от времето на Сюлейман Великолепни, 16 в., може да се види и днес, а зелена долина и широколистните й хълмове в околността са сигурна отмора и наслада за окото. Историческият град Яйце е известен със средновековната си крепост, издигаща се над впечатляващ водопад. На родна земя режисьорът Емир Костурица реализира идеята си за приказен град от камък във Вишеград чрез проекта си Андричград, на името на любимия си писател и сънародник Иво Андрич. Начинанието, освен че предлага настаняване, включва места, задоволяващи глада за изкуство: бижутерия, киносалон, сувенирен магазин, галерия, книжарница и за храна: кебапчийница, пекарна, сладкарница с домашни и вкусни предложения. 

Храната в Босна и Херцеговина е интересна смесица на източни и западни влияния, с много местен привкус. Традиционните сухи колбаси са деликатес, а в „босненското гърне” има поне два вида месо и голямо разнообразие от зеленчуци. Тестените печива са много разпространени и имената им поясняват с каква плънка са направени: бурек – с месо, сирница – със сирене, зеляница – със спанак, кромпируша – с картофи. „Босненското клепе” е местната паста с пълнеж от месо. Най-хубав и вкусен е разбира се хлябът. „Туфахията” – печена ябълка с орехи и стафиди – е хармоничен завършек на всяко хранене. Гостоприемството и сладките приказки са типична черта в страната и вървят със силно кафе от джезве със захар. 

Национален празник е Денят на държавата – на 25 ноември. Събитие, което не трябва да се пропуска, е скачането от Стария мост в Мостар през юли в студените синьо-зелени води на река Неретва. То е едновременно и многовековна традиция, и екстремно преживяване, и смело и тренирано съревнование на местните младежи. Филмовият фестивал в Сараево е през август и събира местни и световни величия, а през ноември отново там е Седмицата на модата, част от която е носенето от известни личности на ръчно изработени дрехи. Етнофестивалът Козара в Пискавица през юни-юли възражда минали традиции и обичаи. Летните игри в Баня Лука през август изпълват с атмосфера древната крепост „Кастел” и са пъстра мозайка от етно и рок концерти, театрални вечери и поетични рецитали на артисти от страната и чужбина. Литературните четения се провеждат през септември, Сцена за експериментален театър има през октомври, а през ноември – Джаз фест. 

Босна и Херцеговина е федерална демократична република. Официалните езици са три: босненски, хърватски и сръбски. Над 48% са босненци, сърбите са 37%, а хървати – 14,6%. В религиозно отношение населението се дели на мюсюлмани – 40%, православни – 31%, католици – 15% и други – 14%. Общият брой на жителите е 3 867 055 души, от които 318 хиляди в столицата Сараево. Жълтият триъгълник на флага напомня за очертанията на държавата, а звездите представят Европа и безкрайността. Основен символ е златната лилия, а цветовете от националния трибагреник са традиционни и означават неутралност и мир. Паричната единица е босненска конвертируема марка. Типични за климата са студените зими и горещите лета, с меки и дъждовни зими по крайбрежието и по-сурови по планинските части. Часовата зона е UTC+1, а телефонният код - +387. 

!Всички права върху този текст са запазени и защитени от Закона за авторските права! 


18.07.2016

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